Information technology vs computer science: which path is right for you?

If you’re passionate about technology but not sure whether to study information technology (IT) or computer science (CS), you’re not alone. Both fields open doors to exciting and lucrative careers, but they differ in focus, skills and career pathways. Understanding these differences can help you choose the study path that matches your interests and helps you reach your long-term goals.

 

What is information technology (IT)?

IT is about the practical application of technology to solve real-world problems in business, government and society. IT professionals ensure that systems, networks and software work seamlessly so that organisations can function efficiently.

Key areas in IT include:

  • Network administration – maintaining networks to ensure smooth communication.
  • Cybersecurity – protecting information from digital threats.
  • Database management – organising and securing data.
  • Software development – building and maintaining applications.
  • Web development – designing and optimising websites for performance and user experience.

IT roles are essential for keeping businesses connected, secure and efficient.

 

What is computer science (CS)?

CS is more theoretical and innovation-focused, exploring how computers work and how to design new technologies. It involves studying algorithms, programming and data structures to create software and systems that push the boundaries of what’s possible.

Specialisations in CS include:

  • Artificial intelligence (AI) & machine learning (ML) – teaching computers to “think” and learn.
  • Data science – analysing big data for insights and decision-making.
  • Software engineering – designing complex applications and systems.
  • Computer graphics – creating digital imagery and simulations.

CS professionals are the innovators behind emerging technologies that shape the future.

 

Education and skills required

Both IT and CS require strong technical foundations, but they differ in focus:

  • IT qualifications typically emphasise networking, cybersecurity, software and systems management.
  • CS qualifications dive deeper into mathematics, algorithms, programming and theoretical computing.

For example, the IIE Bachelor of Computer and Information Sciences in Application Development (offered at Emeris) blends IT and CS, equipping students with programming, mobile app development, web development and database design skills.

Skills for IT professionals: troubleshooting, systems analysis, network management.
Skills for CS professionals: coding, algorithmic problem-solving, advanced mathematics.

 

Career opportunities

Both fields are in high demand locally and globally; it’s highly unlikely graduates will wait long for job opportunities.

Careers in IT include:

  • Network administrator
  • Cybersecurity analyst
  • IT consultant
  • Systems analyst
  • Web or software developer

Careers in CS include:

  • Software engineer
  • Data scientist
  • Machine learning specialist
  • Software architect
  • AI researcher

As industries embrace AI, blockchain and the Internet of Things, opportunities in both IT and CS continue to expand.

 

Salaries and growth potential

Salaries vary depending on experience, specialisation, and location.

  • The average IT specialist salary in South Africa is around R660 000 per year, with senior IT managers earning well over R1 million annually.
  • Computer science roles, particularly in software engineering and data science, often attract competitive international salaries due to global demand.

Career progression in IT often leads to leadership roles like IT manager or chief information officer, while CS professionals may advance into software architects, AI specialists or project leads.

 

IT vs CS: which should you choose?

  • Choose IT if you enjoy applying technology to solve problems, keeping systems secure, and supporting businesses in running smoothly.
  • Choose CS if you’re curious about how technology works at its core, love coding, and want to innovate by designing the systems and software of the future.

For many students, the ideal path is a programme that combines practical IT skills with theoretical CS foundations, preparing them for diverse roles in the digital economy.

 

Take your first step with Emeris

At Emeris, we prepare students for the fast-evolving world of technology through forward-thinking qualifications that blend IT and CS. With an Education by Design approach, you’ll gain the practical skills and theoretical knowledge to thrive in your chosen career path – while shaping your journey to fit your passions, strengths and ambitions.

Are you ready to future-proof your career? Explore our IIE Bachelor of Computer and Information Sciences in Application Development and start building the skills to make your mark in either IT, CS or both.